#include <iostream>
using namespace std;

/**
 * Shows the use of
 *    int toupper(int c)
 *
 * It is important to realize that this function takes an int and returns
 * an int but is intended to be used on a char.  A char is a byte which is the
 * same as an int between 0 and 255.  
 * However, notice that if you cout >> toupper('a'), it will print a number and not a character.
 * You can get around this by either casting the result to char or storing it as char.  This is shown
 * below.
 */
int main()
{
  char a = 'a';
  
  // This prints an int out.
  cout << endl << "It is an int: " << toupper(a) << endl;

  // With a cast, it prints a char.
  cout << "Cast to a char: " << (char) toupper(a) << endl;
  
  // This uses type coercion to convert the into to a char
  char A = toupper(a);

 // and prints a char
  cout << "After type coercion: " << A << endl << endl;
}